国融资管山河故人远道来丨斯诺：以笔为刃，镌刻赤色星芒

　　【编者按】2025年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。在这场关乎民族存续的战争中，来自五洲四海的国际友人，不畏艰险远渡重洋，以医疗救助、战地报道、技术支援等多种形式投身这场民族解放事业。大道不孤，白求恩大夫的手术刀、斯诺的新闻笔、拉贝的安全区等都是跨越国界的生命印记。《山河故人远道来》国际传播系列报道，以中英双语视频结合AI动画技术再现历史细节，致敬跨越国界的信念之光。

　　【Editor's Note】

　　2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. In this war that concerned the survival of the nation, international friends from all over the world braved dangers and crossed the seas to join the cause of national liberation in various forms such as medical aid, war reporting, and technical support. The path of righteousness is not lonely. Dr. Bethune's scalpel, Snow's journalistic pen, and Rabe's safety zone are all life marks that transcend national borders. The international communication series “From Afar Came the Unforgotten“ uses bilingual Chinese-English videos combined with AI animation technology to reproduce historical details and pay tribute to the light of belief that transcends national borders.

　　在陕西省延安市志丹县的保安革命旧址，毛泽东曾住过的窑洞里，一张照片引人瞩目。照片中的毛泽东戴着八角帽，头微侧向左，剑眉微皱，神态儒雅。

　　这是毛泽东所有照片中发行量最大的一张，它的拍摄者是美国记者埃德加·斯诺。

　　穿越封锁线：记者与红色中国的相遇

　　1936年，陕北保安县（今志丹县）的窑洞里，31岁的美国记者埃德加·斯诺拍去外套上的黄土，向毛泽东抛出关乎中国革命之问。彼时陕甘宁边区被国民党严密封锁，外界对中国共产党抗日真相知之甚少，种种不实传言甚嚣尘上。

　　为何白色恐怖下仍有成千上万人冒着生命危险加入红军？中国共产党党员是群什么样的人？什么使他们成为顽强到令人难以置信的战士？为探明真相，斯诺在宋庆龄的帮助下，怀着“拿一个外国人脑袋去冒一下险”的心情，带着一封介绍信、两架照相机和24卷胶卷，成为首位突破封锁进入陕北苏区的西方记者。

　　斯诺的到来，打破了信息壁垒。他与中共领导人促膝长谈，深入了解其抗战理念与战略方针。他记录下周恩来“兼具学者冷静与革命者激情”的特质，收录了彭德怀用悬赏缉拿自己的传单背面印制宣传品的慨然无畏，还留存了毛泽东亲述的个人经历和长征细节。无数个窑洞的夜晚，蜡烛毕剥着火花，斯诺伏在铺着红毡的桌上奋笔疾书，直至疲倦入睡。

　　斯诺还深入边区，与战士、百姓交流，亲身体验到军民一心、共御外敌的坚定信念。在西征战场上，听指战员讲述强渡大渡河、飞夺泸定桥，他盛赞长征是“军事史上的伟大业绩之一”。

　　1936年10月，埃德加·斯诺离开保安县，他在后来的书中写道，“我心里很难过，觉得不是在回家，而是在离家。”

　　笔底惊雷：红星震撼世界的旅程国融资管

　　4个月的采访让斯诺获得了16本笔记、24卷胶卷等一手材料，离开陕北后，他写出了《红星照耀中国》一书。1937年10月，《红星照耀中国》出版，一经问世便引起轰动，在最初的几星期内就销售了10万余册，至12月已连续重印了5版。

　　该书一举刺破国民党反动派长期的新闻封锁，不仅向全世界宣告了中国工农红军的存在，而且以铁的事实，回答了全世界人民关注的一个重大问题：地处边区的中国共产党，是反对日本侵略的核心力量，是中国的未来和希望。

　　它先后被翻译成近20种文字，几十年间传遍了全世界，有着亿万读者。二战期间，美国总统罗斯福3次约见斯诺讨论中国问题，了解毛泽东等中共领导人，表达出希望与中共直接打交道的愿望。

　　烽火摆渡：从记录者到行动者的跨越

　　斯诺不仅是一位记录者，更是一位行动者。

　　1937年卢沟桥事变后，全面抗日战争爆发。斯诺不愿做“中立者”，成为一名坚定的反法西斯战士。日本军队占领北平后，斯诺以自己的特殊身份，掩护遭受日本侵略者迫害的大学教授和爱国学生。他允许游击队在自己家中设立秘密电台，还亲自护送在北平疗养的邓颖超到天津直至其登船脱离险境。

　　未名星芒：跨越世纪的文明长桥

　　新中国成立后，斯诺以“观察者”与“架桥者”的双重身份三次访华，见证东方大国的蜕变。1970年，他携夫人参加我国国庆观礼，在天安门上受到毛泽东和周恩来的接见。次年，斯诺在美国《生活》月刊撰文，为中美关系破冰提供关键助力，成为尼克松访华的重要推动力量。

　　1972年2月15日（尼克松抵华前一周），斯诺病逝于日内瓦。弥留之际，斯诺留下遗嘱：“我爱中国，我愿在我死后把我的一部分留在那里，就像我活着时那样。” 依照遗嘱，其骨灰分葬美国故土与北大未名湖畔。叶剑英亲笔题写的“中国人民的美国朋友埃德加·斯诺之墓”，被镏金镌刻于墓碑之上。

　　岁月流转，如今未名湖畔的墓碑旁，青松郁郁，碑铭熠熠。常有青年学子驻足静读，他们俯身读碑的身影，勾勒出对“以笔为刃”年代最静默的致敬——那些为真理跋涉的脚步，早已在历史肌理中铸刻成永恒坐标。斯诺用新闻之笔劈开的认知壁垒，此刻正化作松针间的光斑，跳动在年轻一代的瞳孔深处。

　　In Bao'an Revolutionary Site in Zhidan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, a photo in the cave dwellings where Mao Zedong once lived catches the eye. In the photo, Mao Zedong was wearing an eight-panel cap. With his head slightly tilted and his sword-like eyebrows furrowed, he exuded a demeanor that was both refined and resolute. This was the most widely circulated photo of Mao Zedong and it was captured by the Western journalist Edgar Snow.

　　Breaking Through the Blockade: A Journalist's Encounter with Red China国融资管

　　In 1936, in a cave dwelling in Bao'an County(now Zhidan County), Shaanbei(northern Shaanxi), the 31-year-old American journalist Edgar Snow brushed the yellow soil off his coat and posed questions to Mao Zedong that were crucial to the Chinese revolution. At that time, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was under a strict blockade by the Kuomintang, and the outside world knew very little about the truth of the resistance against Japanof the Communist Party of China, with all kinds of false rumors spreading widely.

　　Why, under the reign of white terror, did tens of thousands of people still risk their lives to join the Red Army? Who were the Chinese Communists back then? What made them such incredibly tenacious fighters? To get to the truth, with the help of Soong Ching-ling, and with the mindset of “taking the risk of a foreigner's head,“ Edgar Snow, armed with a letter of introduction, two cameras, and 24 rolls of film, became the first Western journalist to break through the blockade and enter the Shaanbei Soviet area.

　　Snow's arrival broke through the information blockade. He had heart-to-heart talks with the Chinese Communist leaders and gained an in-depth understanding of their concepts and strategic guidelines for the resistance against Japan. He documented Zhou Enlai's “dual qualities of a scholar's calmness and a revolutionary's passion,“ photographed Peng Dehuai's fearlessness in using the back of a wanted poster with a bounty on his own head to print propaganda, and also preserved Mao Zedong's personal experiences and details of the Long March as narrated by himself. In countless nights in the cave dwellings, with the candles crackling and sparking, Snow would bend over a table covered with a red felt, writing vigorously until he fell asleep from exhaustion.

　　Snow also delved into the border region, interacting with soldiers and civilians, and personally experienced the unwavering belief of the military and people united against foreign enemies. On the battlefield of the Western Expedition, the heroic deeds of the officers and soldiers, such as the forced crossing of the Dadu River and the capture of the Luding Bridge, left him in awe: “These are among the great feats in military history.“

　　In October 1936, Edgar Snow left Bao'an County. In his later book, he wrote, “I felt very sad inside. It seemed not like I was going home, but rather leaving home.“

　　Thunder in the Ink: The Journey of the Red Star That Shook the World

　　During his four-month interview, Snow obtained first-hand materials including 16 notebooks and 24 rolls of film. After leaving Shaanbei, he wrote the book “Red Star Over China.“ In October 1937, “Red Star Over China“ was published and caused a sensation. It sold more than 100,000 copies in the first few weeks and had been reprinted five times by December.

　　The book pierced through the long-standing news blockade of the Kuomintang reactionaries at one stroke. It not only declared to the whole world the existence of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, but also answered with undeniable facts a significant question that had been on the minds of people worldwide: CPC（Communist Party of China）, based in the border region, was the leading force in China's War of Resistance Against Japanand the future and hope of China.

　　It has been translated into nearly 20 languages and has spread throughout the world over the decades, with hundreds of millions of readers. During World War II, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Edgar Snow three times to discuss issues related to China, to understand the Chinese Communist leaders such as Mao Zedong, and to express his desire to deal directly with the Communist Party of China.

　　Ferry in the War: From a Recorder to an Actor

　　Snow was not only a recorder, but also an activist. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, China's whole-nation resistance war against Japanese aggression broke out. Snow didn't want to be a “neutral“, he became a staunch anti - fascist fighter. After the Japanese troops occupied Beiping, Snow used his special status to shelter university professors and patriotic students who were persecuted by the Japanese invaders. He allowed guerrillas to set up a secret radio station in his home and personally escorted Deng Yingchao, who was convalescing in Beiping, to Tianjin until she boarded a ship and got out of danger.

　　Weiming Starlight: A Century-Spanning Bridge of Civilization

　　After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Snow, as an “observer“and a “bridge-builder“, visited China three times, witnessing the transformation of a great Eastern country. In 1970, he attended the National Day celebrations of our country with his wife and was received by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai on the Tiananmen Rostrum. The following year, he wrote an article for “Life“ magazine in the US, which provided crucial impetus for breaking the ice in China-US relations and became an important driving force for Nixon's visit to China.

　　One week before Nixon's arrival in China, Snow passed away in Geneva. On his deathbed, he left a will stating: “I love China, and I would like a part of me to remain there after death, just as it was during my life.“ In accordance with his will, his ashes were interred partly in his hometown in the US and partly by the Weiming Lake at Peking University in China. The inscription “In Memory of Edgar Snow, An American Friend of the Chinese People,“ written by Ye Jianying himself, was gilded and engraved on the tombstone.

　　As time passes, beside the Weiming Lake, the tombstone is now surrounded by lush green pines and gleaming inscriptions. Often, young students stop to read quietly. Those figures of young students bending over the memorial stones trace the quietest homage to that “pen-as-sword“ era. Those steps taken for the truth have long been cast into eternal coordinates within the texture of history. The cognitive barriers that Snow broke down with his journalistic pen are now transformed into the specks of light among the pine needles, flickering deep in the pupils of the younger generation.

　　（部分素材来源：中共中央党史和文献研究院、中国国家博物馆、新华社、参考消息网等）